Progress in the prevention and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis

Corresponding author: GAO Jian, 18356524827@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202605.00102

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  Abstract: Esophagogastric variceal bleeding in the context of portal hypertension is one of the most threatening complications in the decompensated stage of cirrhosis, marked by acute onset, rapid progression, and a significantly elevated risk of mortality. Consequently, standardized strategies for risk assessment and early intervention are essential for enhancing the prognosis of these patients. Currently, a comprehensive management system has been established that incorporates vasoactive pharmacotherapy, endoscopic treatments, and interventional radiology approaches, such as shunt creation or embolization. Each modality presents distinct advantages in specific clinical contexts and has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the rebleeding rate and improving survival outcomes. This review summarizes recent advancements in the primary prophylaxis, acute management of bleeding, and secondary prophylaxis against rebleeding in esophagogastric variceal bleeding, based on the characteristics of various types of esophagogastric varices.

  Key words: Liver cirrhosis; Esophagogastric varices; Primary prevention; Acute management; Secondary prevention

  Submit time: 29 May 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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