Vitamin D in the Prevention and Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants: Research Progress on the Regulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Corresponding author: Chang Ming, changming8@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202604.00052

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  Abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease predominantly affecting preterm infants, with a pathogenesis involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and aberrant tissue repair. Among these, inflammatory response is considered the central mechanism. Recent studies have revealed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as a unique immune defense mechanism, play a significant role in pulmonary inflammation and tissue injury associated with BPD. Vitamin D (Vit D) exerts multiple biological effects, including immune regulation, inflammation inhibition, and promotion of lung development, and its potential value in the prevention and treatment of BPD has garnered increasing attention. Emerging evidence suggests that Vit D may confer lung protection by modulating NETs formation through multiple signaling pathways involving reactive oxygen species scavenging, inhibition of PADI4 activity, and regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. This review summarizes the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of BPD, the regulatory mechanisms of Vit D on NETs, and the research progress in the prevention and treatment of BPD, aiming to provide a reference for further understanding of BPD pathogenesis and for exploring novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.

  Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Preterm infants; Vitamin D; Neutrophil extracellular traps

  Submit time: 7 April 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2026-03-12	10.12201/bmr.202604.00052V1	Download

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