Mechanism and research progress of flavonoids in prevention and treatment of nephrotic syndrome

Corresponding author: Shao Yanfei, shaoyanfei3@sina.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202511.00086

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  Abstract: This review systematically elaborates on the multi-target mechanisms and research progress of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), highlighting their renal protective effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. Representative compounds such as quercetin, soybean isoflavones, apigenin, and luteolin have demonstrated potential in experimental studies to alleviate proteinuria, ameliorate podocyte injury, and regulate lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the review summarizes recent advances on novel flavonoids like procyanidin B2, icariin, and calycosin, detailing their roles in repairing the filtration barrier, inhibiting pyroptosis, and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Although current evidence is largely derived from animal and cellular studies, clinical translation faces challenges such as low bioavailability, fragmented mechanistic understanding, and a lack of high-quality clinical trials. Future efforts should focus on pharmaceutical improvements, multi-center clinical research, and combination therapy strategies to advance the application of flavonoids as adjuvant therapeutic agents for NS.

  Key words: [keywords missed]

  Submit time: 26 November 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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