The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in preventing photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer induced by ultraviolet radiation

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202507.00025

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  Abstract: Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including sunburn, tanning, photoaging, and skin cancer. UVR-induced immunosuppression, namely photoimmunosuppression, is one of the important factors in the development of skin cancer. Studies have shown that certain nutrients, especially long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), may reduce the risk of skin cancer by reducing UVR-induced immunosuppression and tumour-inducing effects. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which UVR causes immunosuppression, including its effects on the epidermal barrier, dendritic cells, mast cells, and macrophages, and how these changes contribute to skin cancer development. Furthermore, the mechanism by which ω-3 PUFA alleviates photoimmunosuppression by competitively inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and modulating the immune response was investigated. Studies in animals and humans have shown that ω-3 PUFA intake is associated with a reduced risk of skin cancer and may act by modulating immune responses and reducing UVR-induced DNA damage. Future studies are needed to further validate the potential role of ω-3 PUFA in the prevention of UVR-induced immunosuppression and skin cancer through systematic review, in order to bring significant benefits to public health.

  Key words: ω-3 polyunsaturated; fatty acids, photoimmunosuppression, skin; cancer, animal; studies,human; studies

  Submit time: 7 July 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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