Advances in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Metabolic Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Corresponding author: LU Xueling, 1204538272@qq.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202608.00002

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  Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. In addition to reproductive dysfunction characterized by hyperandrogenism and ovulatory disorders, PCOS is frequently accompanied by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and an increased risk of long-term cardiometabolic complications. Recently, an international consensus proposed renaming PCOS as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), highlighting the central role of metabolic abnormalities in its pathogenesis and clinical management. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), originally developed for the treatment of type2 diabetes and obesity, have attracted increasing attention in PCOS because of their beneficial effects on body weight reduction, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic regulation. This review summarizes recent advances in the pharmacological basis, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of GLP-1RAs in PCOS. Current evidence indicates that GLP-1RAs can improve body weight, insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and hyperandrogenism, and may contribute to improvements in menstrual regularity, ovulatory function, and reproductive outcomes. Emerging studies also suggest potential roles of GLP-1RAs in modulating inflammation, gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and ovarian microenvironment. This review covers the pharmacology, mechanisms, and clinical use of GLP-1RAs in PCOS, emphasizing impacts on weight, insulin resistance, metabolism, reproductive hormones, and fertility, while also addressing combination strategies, safety, current limitations, and emerging incretin therapies to support personalized PCOS management.

  Key words: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Metabolic Therapy

  Submit time: 3 August 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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