Advances in Novel Pharmacotherapies for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome

Corresponding author: SHEN Qing, sq4817@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202604.00070

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  Abstract: Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, characterized by the interplay of cardiac, renal, and metabolic disorders, is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Its pathophysiology involves insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and overactivation of RAAS and the sympathetic nervous system. Recently, novel agents have demonstrated significant clinical value beyond traditional therapies: SGLT2 inhibitors provide cardiorenal protection independently of glucose lowering; GLP-1 receptor agonists improve both glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors; non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists show promise in attenuating cardiorenal fibrosis. Current treatment strategies are evolving toward personalized approaches based on CKM staging, with growing interest in combination therapies to optimize risk management and improve patient outcomes.

  Key words: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome; SGLT-2 inhibitors; GLP-1 receptor agonists; Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist; Therapy; 

  Submit time: 9 April 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2026-03-08	10.12201/bmr.202604.00070V1	Download

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