The effects of purified saponin solution from sapindus mukorossi on the removal of root canal smear layer and dentin microhardness

Corresponding author: luzhishan, dentlzs@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202605.00092

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  Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Sapindus saponin irrigating solutions on the removal of root canal smear layer and dentin microhardness. Methods Ninety extracted single-rooted premolars were collected and instrumented using ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium files. Divided randomly into 6 groups according to different final irrigation protocols: Control group: 0.9% normal saline;Group A: 5 mg/mL saponin solution; Group B: 10 mg/mL saponin solution; Group C: 15 mg/mL saponin solution; Group D: 20 mg/mL saponin solution; Group E: 17% EDTA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the removal effect of the smear layer and the microhardness of the dentin before and after irrigation was measured by Vickers microhardness tester. Results (1) Smear layer removal in the coronal and middle thirds: Control group had higher smear layer scores than the other groups (P<0.05), and Group E had lower scores than Groups A and B (P<0.05). (2) Smear layer removal in the apical third: Control group had higher smear layer scores than the other groups (P<0.05); Group E had lower scores than Group A (P<0.05) but higher scores than Groups C and D (P<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed between Groups C and D (P>0.05). (3) The magnitude of microhardness reduction was greater in Group E than in the other groups (P<0.05), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed among the remaining groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The 15mg/mL Sapindus saponin irrigating solution demonstrates significantly superior smear layer removal in the apical third compared with 17% EDTA, with no significant effect on dentin microhardness, suggesting its potential as a final root canal irrigant.

  Key words: sapindus mukorossi; saponin; root canal irrigation; smear layer; microhardness

  Submit time: 25 May 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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