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DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202603.00063

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  Abstract: Abstract:Objective:Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, this study investigated the associations between 14 common dietary antioxidants and sarcopenia in adults.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using NHANES data from 2011 to 2018. Dietary antioxidant intake levels were assessed via two 24-hour dietary recalls. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to examine linear associations, while restricted cubic spline models were used to explore nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analysis and interaction test were performed to identify effect modifiers of heterogeneity.Results:Linear associations:After full covariate adjustment,magnesium(OR=0.9974,95%CI:0.9967～0.9981,P<0.001),copper(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.63～0.95,P=0.019),and vitamin E(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.95～0.99,P=0.013)were confirmed as independent protective factors against sarcopenia.Nonlinear associations:Significant nonlinear relationships were observed between α-carotene (P=0.0384),magnesium(P<0.001),vitamin C(P=0.0054)and sarcopenia.Subgroup analysis:α-carotene showed significant interactions with race(P=0.0361),educational level(P=0.0007937),and family income-poverty ratio(P=0.01938),with stronger protective effects in subgroups of low income,non-Hispanic ethnicity,and education above high school level.Vitamin C had a significant interaction with race(P=0.018),and its association with sarcopenia was more pronounced in non-Hispanic populations.Conclusion:Dietary magnesium,copper,vitamin E,α-carotene,and vitamin C are negatively correlated with sarcopenia,among which magnesium,α-carotene,and vitamin C exhibit threshold effects.The protective effect of α-carotene is more prominent in individuals with low income,non-Hispanic ethnicity, and education above high school level,while vitamin C exerts a stronger protective effect in non-Hispanic populations.

  Key words: Sarcopenia; Adults; Cross-sectional study; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); Dietary antioxidants

  Submit time: 17 March 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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