Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Insomnia

Corresponding author: ZHANG Wen-chun, zhwenchun@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202510.00063

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  Abstract: Insomnia is a major illness of insufficient sleep that involves complex interplay among the central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine system (NES) and immune inflammation. Advances have been made in many fields of research involving various methods of investigating the processes that create insomnias such as hyperarousal, HPA axis dysfunction, orexin system dysfunction, neuroinflammation and gut microbe involvement. (TCM)on top of using the gut–brain axis to act on the central nervous system, TCM takes into account all aspects of patients as shown in the trinity life view of physique-qi-spirit, placing emphasis on emotional and diet factors and personal constitution in the development of insomnia, and reviews relevant findings on insomnia mechanisms associated with traditional medicine and modern medical study from different dimensions such as an integrative framework to guide insomnias clinical manifestations, symptom generation and resolution. On this foundation, potential integrative approaches that may hold good prospects are also discussed, exploring potential avenues and facilitating the further trend of clinical precision treatment of insomnia.

  Key words: insomnia; mechanism; HPA axis; The trinity life view of physique-qi-spirit; neuroinflammation; gut microbiota; hyperarousal

  Submit time: 31 October 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2025-10-14	10.12201/bmr.202510.00063V1	Download

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