A study on the formation mechanism of job burnout among primary health workers from a multidimensional perspective: based on grounded theory

Corresponding author: Yu Haining, yuhaining@sdfmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202306.00016

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  Abstract: Objective: To investigate the multidimensional causes and formation mechanism of job burnout among primary health workers in China and provide a policy basis for further improving their work attitude. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted from February to July 2021, with a multi-stage purposive sampling of 167 primary health workers, including 53 doctors, 36 nurses, 41 public health workers, and 37 medical technicians from 38 primary health institutions in Dongying, Qingdao, and Zaozhuang. The interview data were analyzed using the coding method of Strauss procedural grounded theory and using MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis software. Results: 39 concepts and 19 categories related to the formation mechanism of job burnout among primary health workers were extracted, which were then categorized into three dimensions: macro-level institutional weaknesses stemming from administrative governance models, meso-level mechanical malfunctions in the system of primary health institutions, and micro-level overload of work pressure experienced by primary health workers. From these dimensions, a model was constructed to illustrate the mechanism behind the development of job burnout among primary health workers. Conclusion: The formation of job burnout among primary health workers is influenced by factors at multiple levels. Specifically, the macro-level institutional weaknesses were identified as the root cause of job burnout, while the micro-level overload of work pressure was found to be the direct cause. The meso-level organizational mechanisms not only exacerbate the negative impact of overload on the development of job burnout, but also serve as a mediator of the pressure transmission between the macro-institutional level and the micro-individual level. Therefore, the management system of primary health institutions should innovate to enhance the autonomy of primary institutions while strengthening the collaborative governance of medical care, pharmaceutical, and medical insurance, gradually alleviating the job burnout experienced by primary health workers.

  Key words: primary health workers; job burnout; formation mechanism; multidimensional perspective; grounded theory

  Submit time: 28 June 2023

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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