Research progress on syndrome elements of heart failure and treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine under the mode of combination of disease and syndrome *

Corresponding author: Li Peng, tgzymail123@qq.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202608.00048

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  Abstract: Heart failure is the common outcome of a variety of cardiovascular diseases progressing to the end stage. Its syndrome differentiation system is becoming more and more mature. The disease location is mainly heart, and the syndrome elements of disease nature are qi deficiency, blood stasis, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, water retention and phlegm turbidity as the core. However, the determination of syndrome elements still mainly depends on the four diagnostic information, and lacks objective and quantifiable biological scales. The mode of '' combination of disease and syndrome '' combines the advantages of western medicine diagnosis and TCM syndrome differentiation, which makes the clinical syndrome differentiation of heart failure more accurate and the treatment effect more ideal. Therefore, based on the model of combination of disease and syndrome, this paper systematically combs the existing literature around the three dimensions of distribution characteristics, material basis and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of heart failure, in order to provide reference for accurate syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for heart failure.

  Key words: heart failure; cardiovascular disease; syndrome element; combination of disease and syndrome; integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment

  Submit time: 26 August 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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• ID	Submit time	Number	Download
  1	2026-07-19	10.12201/bmr.202608.00048V1	Download

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