Research Progress on Neuromodulation Therapy for Functional Anorectal Disorders

Corresponding author: Ni Min, 13505157926@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202606.00044

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  Abstract: Functional anorectal disorders (FARDs) are common functional gastrointestinal conditions that significantly impair patients’ quality of life. However, conventional therapeutic approaches often provide limited clinical benefits and remain unsatisfactory for many patients. In recent years, neuromodulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy and has achieved considerable progress in the management of FARDs. Among these modalities, sacral nerve stimulation has accumulated substantial evidence supporting its efficacy, particularly in the treatment of fecal incontinence. Tibial nerve stimulation and pudendal nerve stimulation have also demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety profiles. Vagus nerve stimulation has shown potential in improving gastrointestinal motility, while non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and acupoint stimulation, have exhibited broad clinical prospects. This review aims to systematically summarize and discuss the latest advances and underlying mechanisms of both central and peripheral neuromodulation therapies for FARDs, with the goal of providing insights for future clinical applications and research.

  Key words: Neuromodulation; Functional defecation disorders; Functional fecal incontinence; Functional anorectal pain

  Submit time: 12 June 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2026-04-15	10.12201/bmr.202606.00044V1	Download

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