Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection in children with hematological diseases

Corresponding author: lirui, lirui@ihcams.ac.cn

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202604.00126

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  Abstract: Abstract Objective : To investigate the clinical characteristics, etiological distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infection ( NI ) in hospitalized children with hematological diseases, and to provide a basis for the accurate formulation of infection prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 3256 hospitalized children with hematological diseases admitted to the Hematology Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the research objects. The clinical data, distribution of infection sites and etiological characteristics of NI children were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen independent risk factors for NI. Results A total of 313 cases of infection occurred, with an infection rate of 9.61 %. A total of 326 cases were infected, with an infection rate of 10.01 %. The infection sites were mainly bloodstream infection ( 113 cases, 34.66 % ) and respiratory tract infection ( 111 cases, 34.05 % ). A total of 180 strains of pathogenic pathogens were obtained, including 88 strains of Gram-positive bacteria ( 48.89 % ), 68 strains of Gram-negative bacteria ( 37.78 % ), 16 strains of viruses ( 8.89 % ), and 8 strains of fungi ( 4.44 % ). Multivariate analysis showed that hospitalization time > 10 days, fever time > 2 days, combined use of antibiotics and minimum neutrophil count < 0.5×109 / L were independent risk factors for NI in children ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children with hematological diseases is high, and gram-positive bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria. In view of the independent risk factors, comprehensive measures such as shortening the length of hospitalization and fever, standardizing the application of antibiotics, and strengthening the prevention and control of infection in children with neutropenia should be taken to prevent nosocomial infection in children with hematological diseases and reduce the risk of NI.

  Key words: Blood disease; Children; Hospital infection; Clinical features; Risk factors

  Submit time: 16 April 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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