Recent Advances in Precision-Based Early Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202512.00013

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  Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, highlights that early diagnosis is pivotal for improving prognosis. Relevant professional associations recommend differentiated screening for high-risk populations with chronic liver diseases, yet current strategies confront multiple challenges. The insufficient sensitivity of traditional HCC screening tests leads to persistently high missed diagnosis rates for early-stage HCC. Concurrently, the high-risk population is expanding from viral liver diseases to metabolic liver diseases, triggering a surge in screening demands and the attenuation of efficacy of previous indicators. This article focuses on precision research for early HCC screening, elaborating in detail on the applications of emerging biomarkers and liquid biopsy technologies in non-invasive biomarkers. It explores the implementation of personalized precision screening strategies by comprehensively integrating multiple detection indicators, and discusses the efficacy of comprehensive screening strategies and risk stratification in addressing the issues of drastically expanded screening scope (due to the shift of high-risk populations from viral to metabolic liver diseases) and the inadequate effectiveness of previous detection indicators. It is proposed that future research should prioritize clinical validation of new technologies, development of precision screening protocols, economic analysis, and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve future HCC prognosis and alleviate the social medical burden.

  Key words: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Cirrhosis; High-Risk Population; Early Surveillance; Risk-Stratified Precision Surveillance

  Submit time: 4 December 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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