通讯作者: 张磊, ldyy_lzhang@lzu.edu.cn

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202607.00026

Research progress on the mechanisms and intervention strategies of gut microbiota-mediated regulation of gut-vascular barrier permeability

• 摘要：摘要：肠-血管屏障是肠上皮层下方的深层屏障结构，由肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞、周细胞、基底膜及肠神经胶质细胞等构成。与传统肠上皮屏障不同，GVB主要负责调控肠源性物质向门静脉及全身循环的转运，限制细菌、细菌组分及有害代谢物发生系统性易位，在维持肠道稳态、免疫监视和防止肠源性炎症扩散中发挥关键作用。研究表明，肠道微生物及其代谢产物可通过多种途径调控GVB结构和功能，其中短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、色氨酸代谢物及脂多糖等微生物相关分子，可分别作用于组蛋白去乙酰化酶、FXR/TGR5、AhR、TLR4/NF-κB及内皮细胞骨架重塑等信号网络，影响紧密连接蛋白表达、内皮细胞炎症反应和血管通透性。GVB功能障碍与炎症性肠病、脂肪性肝病、肝硬化及神经退行性疾病等多种肠内外疾病相关。本文围绕GVB的构成、肠道微生态调控机制、相关疾病及干预策略进行系统综述，旨在为阐述肠道微生态与宿主循环系统互作提供新的理论视角，并为肠屏障功能障碍相关疾病的防治提供参考。

  关键词： 肠-血管屏障; 肠道微生态; 肠道通透性; 菌群代谢产物; 血管内皮细胞; 干预策略

   

  Abstract: The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) is a deep barrier structure located beneath the intestinal epithelial layer and is composed of intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, the basement membrane, enteric glial cells, and other components. Unlike the conventional intestinal epithelial barrier, the GVB primarily regulates the transport of gut-derived substances into the portal vein and systemic circulation, while restricting the systemic translocation of bacteria, bacterial components, and harmful metabolites. It therefore plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, immune surveillance, and preventing the dissemination of gut-derived inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites regulate the structure and function of the GVB through multiple pathways. Microbe-associated molecules, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, and lipopolysaccharide, can act on signaling networks such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), FXR/TGR5, AhR, TLR4/NF-κB, and endothelial cytoskeletal remodeling, thereby influencing tight junction protein expression, endothelial inflammatory responses, and vascular permeability. GVB dysfunction has been implicated in various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review systematically summarizes the composition of the GVB, the mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate GVB function, related diseases, and potential intervention strategies. It aims to provide a new theoretical perspective on the interactions between gut microbiota and the host circulatory system, as well as a reference for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.

  Key words: Gut-vascular barrier; Gut microbiota; Intestinal permeability; Microbial metabolites; Vascular endothelial cells; Intervention strategies

  提交时间：2026-07-19

  版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。
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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2026-06-15	10.12201/bmr.202607.00026V1	下载

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