Research progress on the mechanisms and intervention strategies of gut microbiota-mediated regulation of gut-vascular barrier permeability

Corresponding author: zhanglei, ldyy_lzhang@lzu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202607.00026

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  Abstract: The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) is a deep barrier structure located beneath the intestinal epithelial layer and is composed of intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, the basement membrane, enteric glial cells, and other components. Unlike the conventional intestinal epithelial barrier, the GVB primarily regulates the transport of gut-derived substances into the portal vein and systemic circulation, while restricting the systemic translocation of bacteria, bacterial components, and harmful metabolites. It therefore plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, immune surveillance, and preventing the dissemination of gut-derived inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites regulate the structure and function of the GVB through multiple pathways. Microbe-associated molecules, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, and lipopolysaccharide, can act on signaling networks such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), FXR/TGR5, AhR, TLR4/NF-κB, and endothelial cytoskeletal remodeling, thereby influencing tight junction protein expression, endothelial inflammatory responses, and vascular permeability. GVB dysfunction has been implicated in various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review systematically summarizes the composition of the GVB, the mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate GVB function, related diseases, and potential intervention strategies. It aims to provide a new theoretical perspective on the interactions between gut microbiota and the host circulatory system, as well as a reference for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.

  Key words: Gut-vascular barrier; Gut microbiota; Intestinal permeability; Microbial metabolites; Vascular endothelial cells; Intervention strategies

  Submit time: 19 July 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2026-06-15	10.12201/bmr.202607.00026V1	Download

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