Research Progress on the Potential Applications and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block in Traumatic Brain Injury

Corresponding author: lvzhijian, 18095714413@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202607.00006

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  Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Secondary brain injury, mediated by excessive sympathetic activation, impaired cerebral blood flow autoregulation, imbalance of cerebral oxygen metabolism, neuroinflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier disruption, and oxidative stress, is a key factor affecting prognosis. Stellate ganglion block (SGB), as a sympathetic neuromodulation technique, has gradually attracted attention in the field of neuroprotection. Ultrasound-guided SGB has the advantages of visualization and precision, and may improve procedural safety and block success rate. Current evidence suggests that SGB may exert potential protective effects against secondary brain injury by inhibiting excessive sympathetic activation, improving cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism, attenuating neuroinflammatory responses, and regulating signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). However, clinical evidence regarding the application of SGB in patients with TBI remains limited, and the optimal timing of intervention, block laterality, block frequency, drug dosage, and safety still require further clarification. This article reviews the technical basis of ultrasound-guided SGB, TBI-related pathophysiological mechanisms, and the potential mechanisms and clinical evidence of its neuroprotective effects, aiming to provide a reference for comprehensive TBI treatment and future research.

  Key words: Traumatic brain injury; stellate ganglion block; ultrasound guidance; neuroprotection; paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity; secondary brain injury

  Submit time: 1 July 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2026-04-29	10.12201/bmr.202607.00006V1	Download

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