Cross-sectional Study on Clinical Symptoms and Distribution Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Hohhot Region

Corresponding author: Wang Quan, 1725979141@qq.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202605.00035

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  Abstract: Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hohhot, and to provide a theoretical basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment of T2DM in this region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted to retrospectively collect the case information of 920 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized and treated in the Department of Endocrinology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025. The patients basic information (name, gender, age, place of residence, etc.), disease-related information (time of initial diagnosis of T2DM, whether accompanied by complications, etc.), and TCM four diagnostic information were collected. Results: 1. Patients with T2DM in different age groups generally had the basic symptom of dry mouth and polydipsia; 2. The distribution of accompanying symptoms in different age groups showed that fatigue was the most common accompanying symptom, and the incidence of accompanying symptoms increased with age, among which symptoms such as blurred vision, numbness of hands and feet, lumbago and soreness of waist, and cold tingling of hands and feet were closely related to chronic complications; 3. The distribution of TCM syndromes in 920 patients showed that phlegm-stasis blocking collaterals syndrome (26.6%) and Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome (25.8%) were the most common syndromes, followed by liver-heat and spleen-deficiency syndrome (22.7%) and damp-heat accumulation syndrome (18.6%), while liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome accounted for the lowest proportion (6.3%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of TCM syndromes among different age groups (P<0.05); the comparison of the course of disease distribution among patients with different TCM syndromes showed that the median course of liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome was the longest (114 months), and that of damp-heat accumulation syndrome was the shortest (86 months), but there was no statistically significant difference in the course of disease distribution among different syndromes (P>0.05); the comparison of organ involvement among patients with T2DM of different TCM syndromes showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of skin involvement among various syndromes (P<0.05), while the involvement of lungs, heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract and eyes was evenly distributed among various syndromes, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05); there was a highly statistically significant difference in the distribution of quality of life scores among various syndromes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of TCM syndromes in patients with T2DM in Hohhot is mainly phlegm-stasis blocking collaterals syndrome, Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome, liver-heat and spleen-deficiency syndrome, damp-heat accumulation syndrome and liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome, among which phlegm-stasis blocking collaterals syndrome is a high-frequency syndrome; among clinical symptoms, in addition to basic symptoms, fatigue, blurred vision, numbness of hands and feet, dizziness, etc., are high-frequency accompanying symptoms. The above characteristics can provide reference for the individualized TCM diagnosis and treatment of T2DM in this region.

  Key words: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Hohhot; Clinical Symptoms; Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes; Cross-sectional Study

  Submit time: 8 May 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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