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Corresponding author: 周依, 1347101688@qq.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202511.00053

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  Abstract: Varicocele is a prevalent male reproductive system disorder, clinically manifested as scrotal pain and abnormal semen parameters. The pain associated with varicocele, which falls under the category of Jing Liu (sperm tumor) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is particularly common. This study innovatively applies the TCM theory stating that where there is stagnation and hardness, there must be latent yang to treat varicocele-related pain. It posits that impaired yang qi functionality resulting in latent yang is the cause, while phlegm-dampness and blood stasis forming stagnation and hardness are the effects. Based on this rationale, a comprehensive therapeutic approach has been established: activating yang to regulate qi for promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis, reinforcing yang to transform qi for drying dampness and eliminating phlegm, and dispersing yang to move qi for clearing heat and draining dampness. This provides novel clinical insights into TCM treatment for varicocele pain.

  Key words: Varicocele; Pi jian; Fu yang; Pain

  Submit time: 19 November 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2025-11-05	10.12201/bmr.202511.00053V1	Download

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