通讯作者: 高玉光▲, gaoyuguang@yahoo.com

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202605.00093

Research Progress of Magnesium Ions in the Mineralization of Oral Hard Tissues and the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Diseases

• 摘要：镁离子作为口腔硬组织固有成分，通过TRPM7通道、DMP1-TNAP-ANK-ENPP1轴等关键通路，调控釉质晶体排列、牙本质修复分化及牙骨质矿化。其失衡与釉质发育不全、牙本质发育不全、龋病、牙周炎相关牙骨质异常密切相关。本文围绕“分布特征-调控机制-疾病关联-材料应用”逻辑主线，概述了镁离子在口腔硬组织发育与矿化中的分布规律、分子调控机制，分析其与牙体疾病的关联，总结含镁生物材料的研发应用进展，为该领域基础研究深化与临床转化提供理论支撑。含镁新型生物材料在对抗釉质侵蚀与诱导硬组织再生方面优势显著，但临床转化仍面临体内直接调控证据匮乏、离子间协同/拮抗机制不明、降解速率难控等瓶颈。而镁离子在维持牙体稳态中具有不可替代的作用，持续优化含镁材料将为牙体疾病防治开辟创新路径。

  关键词： 镁离子; 口腔硬组织; 生物矿化; 生物材料; 牙体疾病

   

  Abstract: Magnesium ions, as an inherent component of oral hard tissues, regulate enamel crystal arrangement, dentin repair and differentiation, and cementum mineralization through key pathways such as the TRPM7 channel and the DMP1-TNAP-ANK-ENPP1 axis. Its imbalance is closely related to enamel hypoplasia, dentin hypoplasia, dental caries, periodontitis and other abnormal cementum. This article centers on the logical thread of distribution characteristics - regulatory mechanisms - disease associations - material applications, outlining the distribution patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms of magnesium ions in the development and mineralization of oral hard tissues, analyzing their associations with dental diseases, and summarizing the research and application progress of magnesium-containing biomaterials, providing theoretical support for the deepening of basic research and clinical transformation in this field. Magnesium-containing novel biomaterials have significant advantages in combating enamel erosion and inducing hard tissue regeneration. However, their clinical transformation still faces bottlenecks such as a lack of evidence for direct in vivo regulation, unclear interionic synergy/antagonism mechanisms, and difficult control of degradation rates. Magnesium ions play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the homeostasis of teeth. Continuously optimizing magnesium-containing materials will open up innovative paths for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases.

  Key words: magnesium ions; oral hard tissue; biomineralization; biomaterials; dental diseases

  提交时间：2026-05-25

  版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。
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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2026-03-17	10.12201/bmr.202605.00093V1	下载

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