Advances in Research on the Roles and Mechanisms of Macrophages in Periodontitis-Related Bone Defects

Corresponding author: maxiangrui, wxy851225@163.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202603.00053

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  Abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by plaque biofilm, which is predominantly characterized by the destruction of periodontal supporting tissues, with alveolar bone resorption as its core clinical manifestation. Macrophages are vital innate immune cells that exert critical functions in the immune response and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in periodontitis.This review elaborates on how the dynamic alterations of macrophage polarization (M1/M2 phenotypes) affect the inflammatory progression and bone metabolic balance, and dissects the signaling pathways by which macrophages regulate the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts via secreting mediators including cytokines, chemokines and exosomes.In addition, this article summarizes the latest research progress of targeting macrophages as a novel strategy for periodontal bone regeneration therapy, providing a theoretical foundation for clinical translation.

  Key words: Periodontitis; Bone defect; Macrophages; M1/M2 polarization; Osteoimmunology; Inflammation; Bone metabolism

  Submit time: 13 March 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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• ID	Submit time	Number	Download
  1	2026-03-06	10.12201/bmr.202603.00053V1	Download

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