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Corresponding author: 朱瑞功, ruigongzhu@njucm.edu.cn

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202510.00058

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  Abstract: Objective As a unique class of non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have drawn significant attention in the life sciences field in recent years, particularly regarding their coding capabilities. This article systematically reviews the experimental validation strategies for circRNA translational potential, the progress in molecular dissection of circRNA translation mechanisms, and the current research status of the functions of circRNA-encoded products in physiological and pathological processes. Specifically, it focuses on elaborating the translation initiation mechanisms of circRNAs, which include the molecular pathways mediating translation initiation relying on internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES), N6-methyladenosine (m?A) modification, and IRES-like elements. Meanwhile, it outlines the regulatory effects of circRNA-encoded polypeptides in physiological and pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, immune regulation, and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, by integrating the latest technological breakthroughs in the circRNA research field and the current status of clinical translational research, this article systematically analyzes the major bottlenecks faced by current studies and provides an outlook on the potential directions of future interdisciplinary research, aiming to offer systematic theoretical references for the in-depth exploration of circRNA coding functions.

  Key words: Circular RNAs; Mechanism of translation; m?A modification; Ires-like elements; Physiological function

  Submit time: 31 October 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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  1	2025-10-13	10.12201/bmr.202510.00058V1	Download

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