通讯作者: 高然, gaoranivy@126.com

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202608.00004

Comparison of International Ophthalmology Specialty Training Models

• 摘要：目的 系统比较中国、美国、英国、加拿大、日本五国眼科专科医师培训大纲的核心要素，为优化中国眼科住院医师规范化培训体系提供循证依据。方法 采用内容分析法，收集五国现行眼科专科培训大纲及官方政策文件，以培训架构、课程内容、手术量化标准、考核评估模式为研究维度开展对比分析。研究资料涵盖中国2022版眼科培养细则、美国ACGME眼科培养标准、英国2024年版眼科培训课程、加拿大RCPSC能力培养框架及日本眼科学会专科研修项目。结果 五国眼科医师培训体系差异显著：培训总时长跨度为3~7年，中国最短（3年），英国最长（7年）；阶段划分上中国采用分年递进模式，其余四国为多阶段分层授权培养；手术量要求，英美加日毕业最低白内障主刀标准分别为86例、350例、150例、100例，中国暂无全国统一标准，由各培训基地自行设定院内要求；考核模式各有侧重，形成里程碑评估、学院资质考试、可信任专业活动评估、学会统考等不同路径。结论 各国培训模式差异与医疗体制、前置医学教育学制及认证机制高度相关。五国白内障主刀最低标准86～350例，中国暂无全国统一底线。中国应建立以胜任力为导向的分层培养体系，设置手术量化底线并配套质量评价标准，逐步引入可信任专业活动评估工具丰富考核维度。

  关键词： 眼科；住院医师规范化培训；国际比较；胜任力导向医学教育（CBME）; ; ; 

   

  Abstract: Objective This study aimed to systematically compare the core elements of ophthalmology specialty training curricula across China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Japan, to identify similarities and differences in their training models, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for refining China’s standardized residency training system.Methods A content analysis methodology was adopted. Current national ophthalmology specialty training curricula and official policy documents from the five countries were collected. The comparative analysis was structured around four key dimensions: training structure and duration, curricular content, quantitative standards for surgical procedures, and assessment and evaluation methods. The analyzed materials comprised China’s 2022 Detailed Rules for Standardized Ophthalmology Residency Training; the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) program requirements for ophthalmology in the United States; the 2024 curriculum of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists in the United Kingdom; the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) competency framework; and the specialty training program of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society.Results Notable differences were observed among the five training systems. Training length varied: 3 years in China, 4 in the United States, 5 each in Canada and Japan, and 7 in the United Kingdom. Regarding training phases, China follows a year-by-year progressive model, whereas the other four countries use a multi-stage, tiered approach. For surgical volume requirements, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Japan have set minimum cataract surgery caseloads at 86, 350, 150, and 100 cases, respectively; China currently lacks a nationally unified standard for surgical caseloads. Assessment methods also differed: the United States employs milestone evaluations, the United Kingdom relies on specialty qualification examinations, Canada emphasizes entrustable professional activities (EPAs), Japan conducts a unified board examination, and China combines a written theoretical examination with clinical skills assessments.Conclusion The divergence in training models reflects different healthcare systems, educational traditions, and certification mechanisms. To improve ophthalmology residency training in China, it is advisable to learn from mature international experiences while building upon the existing standardized residency framework. Specific measures should include refining a competency-based, tiered training model, introducing quantitative evaluation criteria for surgical skills, and strengthening the assessment system, thereby further optimizing the standardized training program and enhancing ophthalmologists’ comprehensive clinical competence.

  Key words: Ophthalmology; Residency training; International comparison; Competency-based medical education

  提交时间：2026-08-03

  版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。
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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  2	2026-05-21	10.12201/bmr.202608.00004V2	下载
  1	2026-05-21	10.12201/bmr.202608.00004V1	下载

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