通讯作者: 李瑾, 1501535247@qq.com628

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202603.00111

Physiological Basis and Clinical Applications in Anesthesia of High-Flow Nasal Cannula OxygenTherapy

• 摘要：高流量鼻导管氧疗(High-flow Nasal Cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)属于一类无创呼吸支持技术,它在围手术期中的护理优势受到了人们广泛的关注。这篇综述以HFNC的基础构成和核心生理作用为切入点,详细描述了该技术在无自主呼吸状态下的氧合、呼气末正压(PEEP)、减少解剖无效腔、提高呼气末肺容积、精确的氧气输送和主动加湿等方面。正是依托上述作用机制,HFNC得以在围手术期多个关键环节发挥重要价值,比如气管插管、中深度镇静状态下的内镜检查、上呼吸道相关手术、术后拔管和恢复期。同时,HFNC在特定患者群体(肥胖、孕妇和儿童)中显示出良好的应用前景。尽管当前临床领域已普遍认可HFNC 的治疗有效性与使用安全性,但关于该技术的相关适应症界定、优化设备参数,并探究它与其他呼吸支持治疗的协同方案。仍需开展更为深入的研究加以明确。这篇综述旨在总结HFNC在麻醉实践中的临床应用和相关最新进展,为它实施规范化使用提供理论依据和操作参考。

  关键词： HFNC; 生理机制; 围手术期管理,特殊人群,麻醉临床应用; ; 

   

  Abstract: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy represents a non-invasive form of respiratory support, garnering increased interest for its benefits in perioperative management. This review delineates the fundamental components and principal physiological mechanisms of HFNC, encompassing apneic oxygenation, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), anatomical dead space reduction, augmentation of end-expiratory lung volume, precise oxygen delivery, and active humidification. These mechanisms underpin its utility across various perioperative phases, including tracheal intubation, sedation during endoscopic procedures, upper airway surgery, extubation, and recovery. HFNC has also demonstrated potential in specific patient cohorts, such as individuals with obesity, pregnant patients, and the pediatric population. While its clinical advantages and safety profile are well-established, further investigation is warranted to clarify its indications, refine device settings, and examine its integration with complementary respiratory support strategies. This review aims to consolidate current clinical applications and recent advances of HFNC within anesthetic practice, offering a theoretical framework and practical guidance for its standardized implementation.

  Key words: High-flow nasal cannula; Physiological rationale; Perioperative care; Special patient groups; Anesthesia practice

  提交时间：2026-03-25

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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2026-02-25	10.12201/bmr.202603.00111V1	下载

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