Advances in Biomechanical Research on Internal Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures

Corresponding author: WANG Guoqiang

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202610.00012

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  Abstract: Distal radius fracture is a common wrist fracture in clinical practice. The primary goals of internal fixation are to control the displacement of key fracture fragments and reduce soft-tissue complications while maintaining articular surface reduction and radial height. This review summarizes studies involving synthetic bone models, cadaveric experiments, finite element analyses, and representative clinical evidence, with a focus on fracture morphology, fixation constructs, mechanical responses, and clinical translation. Volar locking plates support distal fracture fragments through fixed-angle constructs and are widely used in clinical practice. Dorsal plates are suitable for fractures involving dorsal fragments or severe dorsal collapse. Percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation is minimally invasive and may be used in patients with stable reduction, relatively intact fracture fragments, and the ability to comply with external immobilization. Combined or supplementary fixation may be considered when a single fixation construct cannot adequately control key fracture fragments or when multidirectional instability is present. Stiffness, displacement, and failure load obtained from different experimental models cannot be directly compared, and biomechanical advantages observed in experimental settings do not necessarily translate into superior clinical outcomes. The selection of internal fixation should be based on the predominant direction of instability and the need to control key fracture fragments, while also considering soft-tissue safety and postoperative load management.

  Key words: distal radius fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; finite element analysis; review

  Submit time: 8 October 2026

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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