通讯作者: 殷一红, yinyihong.1985@163.com

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202511.00002

• 摘要：阴道炎是女性常见的生殖系统炎性疾病，与阴道微生态失衡密切相关。本文系统综述了阴道炎与多种微生物间的相互作用关系，涵盖细菌、真菌、原虫等的致病机制。乳酸杆菌的减少或功能受损是关键诱因，微生物通过形成生物膜、分泌毒性酶、诱导免疫反应等途径破坏阴道屏障，引发炎症。文章还分析了抗生素、益生菌等干预策略的循证依据，并指出当前在生物膜处理、复发机制等方面仍存诸多未解问题。未来需加强高质量研究，推动微生态干预策略的标准化与个体化，以提升阴道炎的防治水平。

  关键词： 阴道炎; 阴道微生态; 致病微生物; 乳酸杆菌; 微生物检测

   

  Abstract: Vaginitis is a common inflammatory disease of the female reproductive system, and its pathogenesis is closely related to vaginal microecological imbalance. This article systematically reviews the interactions between vaginitis and various microorganisms, covering the pathogenic mechanisms of bacteria (e.g., Gardnerella, Escherichia coli), fungi (e.g., Candida albicans), protozoa (e.g., Trichomonas vaginalis), Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma. The reduction or functional impairment of Lactobacillus is a key factor in the development of various types of vaginitis. Pathogens disrupt the vaginal barrier through biofilm formation, secretion of toxic enzymes, and induction of immune responses, thereby triggering inflammation. The article also discusses the clinical value of current microbial detection technologies in vaginitis diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of precise testing for guiding individualized treatment. Furthermore, it analyzes evidence-based strategies for interventions such as antibiotics, probiotics, and non-antibiotic therapies, while highlighting existing controversies and unresolved issues in biofilm management, recurrence mechanisms, and mixed infection management. Future research should strengthen multicenter studies to standardize and personalize microecological intervention strategies, thereby improving the prevention and treatment of vaginitis.

  Key words: Vaginitis; Vaginal Microbiome; Pathogenic Microorganisms; Lactobacillus; Microbiological Techniques

  提交时间：2025-11-02

  版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。
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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2025-09-26	10.12201/bmr.202511.00002V1	下载

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