通讯作者: .何凯

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202510.00016

• 摘要：川崎病（Kawasaki disease, KD）是一种主要累及5岁以下儿童的急性全身性血管炎，是儿童获得性心脏病的首要原因。其病因尚不明确，目前普遍认为是在遗传易感个体中由感染因素触发的异常免疫反应所致。近年来研究显示，多个基因多态性与疾病易感性和冠脉病变相关；多种病原体可能通过超抗原激活等机制诱发免疫应答；免疫机制上，中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网形成、细胞亚群失衡及细胞异常活化共同促进了血管炎症的发生。本文系统综述川崎病在遗传、感染及免疫方面的病因与发病机制研究新进展，以期为疾病早期诊断、风险预警和治疗提供理论依据。

  关键词： 川崎病; 病因; 发病机制; 遗传易感性; 感染因素; 免疫激活

   

  Abstract: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and has become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. The etiology is not yet fully understood, and it is generally believed to be caused by abnormal immune responses triggered by infectious factors in genetically susceptible individuals. In recent years, studies have shown that polymorphisms in multiple genes such as ITPKC and CASP3 are associated with disease susceptibility and risk of coronary artery disease; Multiple pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, influenza virus, adenovirus, etc. may induce immune responses through mechanisms such as superantigen activation and molecular mimicry; In terms of immune mechanism, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), imbalance of T cell subsets, and abnormal activation of B cells jointly promote the occurrence and development of vascular inflammation. This article systematically reviews the new progress in the etiology and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease in terms of genetics, infection, and immunity, in order to provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis, risk warning, and treatment of the disease.

  Key words: Kawasaki disease; pathogeny; Pathogenesis; Genetic susceptibility; Infection factors; immune activation

  提交时间：2025-10-11

  版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。
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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2025-09-05	bmr.202510.00016V1	下载

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