通讯作者: 张小丽, zhangxiaoli522@126.com

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202511.00083

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of declining capacity among community-dwelling elderly people

• 摘要：目的 探讨社区老年人能力衰退现状及其影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施提供依据。方法 采取多阶段分层整群抽样法于2024年7月至2025年3月抽取唐山市社区老年人933例作为调查对象,采用一般资料量表、能力衰退诊断工具、健康促进生活方式量表、简版自我感知老化量表、社会支持评定量表、健康行为能力自评量表、居家老年人感知环境适老化问卷等工具进行调查,使用单因素及Logistic回归分析能力衰退影响因素。结果　933例老年人中能力衰退者408例(43.73%)；Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、受教育程度、健康促进行为、健康行为自我效能、自我感知老化、社会支持、环境适老化改造为社区老年人能力衰退的影响因素。结论　社区老年人能力衰退发生率较高,社区医护人员应重点关注高龄、女性、低受教育程度、低健康促进行为的老年人。可通过重塑老化认知、增强健康行为自我效能、构建社会支持网络、精准改造适老化环境等措施,延缓老年人能力衰退进展,促进健康老龄化。

  关键词： 社区老年人; 能力衰退; 影响因素; 增能理论；主动健康

   

  Abstract: Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of capacity among community-dwelling elderly people,and to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 933 community-dwelling elderly people in Tangshan City as the research subjects from July 2024 to March 2025.The General information scale, diagnostic tool for declining capacity, health-promoting lifestyle profile, brief version of the self-perceived aging scale,social support rating scale,self-rated health behavior competence scale,and perceived age-friendly home environment questionnaire for the elderly people were adopted for investigation. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the influencing factors of declining capacity. Results Among the 933 elderly people,408 cases (43.73%) had declining capacity.Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,educational level,health-promoting behaviors,self-efficacy for health behaviors,self-perceived aging,social support and perceived age-friendly environment were the influencing factors of declining capacity in community-dwelling elderly people. Conclusion The incidence of declining capacity in community-dwelling elderly people is relatively high.Community medical and nursing staff should focus on the elderly people who are advanced in age,female,with low educational level,and low level of health-promoting behaviors.Measures such as reshaping the cognition of aging,enhancing self-efficacy for health behaviors,constructing social support networks,and accurately transforming age-friendly environments can be taken to delay the progression of declining capacity in the elderly people and promote healthy aging.

  Key words: community-dwelling elderly people; declining capacity; influencing factors; empowerment theory；proactive health

  提交时间：2025-11-26

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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2025-10-27	10.12201/bmr.202511.00083V1	下载

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