目的: 早期子宫颈神经内分泌癌的治疗主要包括手术及化疗；常规术后放疗的应用仍有争议。本研究评估早期子宫颈神经内分泌癌术后放疗的价值。
方法：回顾性队列研究，入组2006年-2022年的早期子宫颈神经内分泌癌患者；按术后是否放疗分为术后未放疗组（组A）和术后放疗组（组B）。使用Kaplan-Meier方法计算无进展生存期、总生存期、总生存率。
结果: 入组66例患者，组A共32例 (48.5%)，组B共34例 (51.5%）。术后随访35 (区间12-116) 个月, 26例 (39.4%) 复发。与组A相比，组B的盆腔复发率略低 (12.5% vs 2.9%, p = 0.142)，远处转移率略高 (28.1% vs 44.1%, p = 0.177)，总复发率相似 (29.4% vs 31.3%, p = 0.871)。组B的宫颈间质浸润≥1/2更常见 (28.0% vs 63.0%, p = 0.012)，此类患者（宫颈间质浸润≥1/2）术后放疗可延长无进展生存期 (33.9个月 vs 47.9个月) 和总生存期 (40.7个月 vs 70.0个月) 但结果无统计学差异 (p = 0.963, p = 0.636)。淋巴脉管间隙受累是术后肿瘤复发的高危因素 (HR 9.13, p = 0.005)，但此类患者术后放疗未改善无进展生存期 (51.5个月 vs 48.8个月, p = 0.942) 和总生存期 (53.9个月 vs 60.6个月, p = 0.715) 。
研究局限性: 回顾性队列研究，样本量偏小。
结论: 早期子宫颈神经内分泌癌术后放疗可改善宫颈间质浸润深度≥1/2患者的无进展生存期和总生存期；淋巴脉管间隙受累是术后肿瘤复发的高危因素，但此类患者术后放疗可能并无生存获益。

Objective: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with diverse behaviors occurring in soft tissues and visceral organs. The clinical and pathological features of IMT in adult patients are not well understood. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostics, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic testing, in managing IMTs. High ALK positivity in lung IMTs suggests targeted therapies’ benefit. ALK inhibitors should be considered for ALK-positive tumors. Regular follow-up is crucial due to relapse risk. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 74 patients diagnosed with IMTs at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2010 and 2023. Clinicopathological data, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 74 patients (34 females, 40 males) at an average age of 50, the majority were asymptomatic. The most common tumor locations were the head and neck (24.1%), followed by lung (21.6%). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positivity was identified in 31% of cases, with the highest prevalence in lung IMTs (45.5%). Most patients underwent surgical resection, and some received postoperative treatments including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or ALK inhibitors. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS rates were 78.4%, 70.9%, 69.2%, and 69.2%, respectively. Limitations: This is a single-center retrospective study, and the characteristics of these patients may not be representative of all adult IMT patients. While the sample size of drug-treated patients is relatively small and heterogeneous, making further systematic analysis difficult. The mechanism of resistance to ALK inhibitors has not been determined. Conclusions: IMTs exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity, with lung IMTs demonstrated the highest rate of ALK positivity. While surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality, the observed rates of relapse and mortality underscore the necessity for more effective therapeutic strategies. ALK inhibitor such as crizotinib should be consideration for ALK positive patients. A deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of IMTs may help to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform the development of improved treatment options.